The theme of the Grand Bassam conference was “In today’s changing world, what new beginnings for Africa?” The rich content of this conference, which took place in March 2023, was quickly confronted by such an acceleration of changes in Africa (Niger AES etc.) and outside Africa that it was decided that this content would be refined and expanded at the level of recommendations at the next major international conference scheduled to take place in Cotonou from May 8 to 11, 2025.